美捷登Rocia Chen
加利福尼亞大學(xué)洛杉磯分校(UCLA)和退役軍人事務(wù)部(VA)聯(lián)合調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),多發(fā)性骨髓瘤專家艾倫·利希滕斯坦在至少10篇已發(fā)表的文章中“肆無(wú)忌憚”地偽造數(shù)據(jù)。利希滕斯坦曾是UCLA的常駐醫(yī)學(xué)教授,也是美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院資助的研究項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人,累計(jì)獲得超過(guò)1000萬(wàn)美元的科研資金。根據(jù)《聯(lián)邦公報(bào)》的通知,利希滕斯坦在26組實(shí)驗(yàn)中反復(fù)使用相同的凸顯,涉嫌數(shù)據(jù)偽造。
利希滕斯坦曾是VA的員工,VA已通過(guò)單位郵箱向其發(fā)送通知,但他未對(duì)調(diào)查結(jié)果作出回應(yīng),郵件也未顯示退回。VA已禁止利希滕斯坦兩年內(nèi)在該部門從事研究,并要求其將不當(dāng)行為告知相關(guān)期刊。
從2020年4月開始,PubPeer用戶已指出利希滕斯坦部分論文中的圖像存在重復(fù)使用的情況。然而,盡管調(diào)查已有進(jìn)展,利希滕斯坦未對(duì)調(diào)查結(jié)果進(jìn)行回應(yīng),也未采取任何糾正措施。
2023年4月,科學(xué)偵探凱文·帕特里克在分析另一篇論文時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)圖像的相似之處,他在PubPeer發(fā)表了評(píng)論,向相關(guān)雜志、VA和UCLA報(bào)告了這一問(wèn)題。此后,他在更多的論文中發(fā)現(xiàn)了類似問(wèn)題。帕特里克表示:“如果唯一的懲罰只是禁職兩年,這樣的處罰顯然不夠嚴(yán)厲,無(wú)法對(duì)潛在的不端研究行為起到足夠的威懾作用!
2023年9月8日,期刊PLOS ONE撤回了兩篇相關(guān)論文,撤稿通知中明確列出了在PubPeer上發(fā)現(xiàn)的圖像重復(fù)問(wèn)題。通知指出,作者無(wú)法提供原始數(shù)據(jù),因此編輯決定撤回這兩篇文章。通知還提到,利希滕斯坦是這兩篇文章“未作回應(yīng)或無(wú)法聯(lián)系到”的作者之一。
2023年8月31日,2016年發(fā)表在Oncogene上的一篇文章也因圖像問(wèn)題而撤稿,撤稿通知中列出了幾個(gè)月前在PubPeer上提出的所有問(wèn)題。根據(jù)通知,作者未能提供原始數(shù)據(jù),編輯表示“不再對(duì)本文中數(shù)據(jù)的完整性有信心”。通知還指出,利希滕斯坦沒(méi)有回復(fù)有關(guān)撤回的任何通信。
在2016年Oncogene文章發(fā)表時(shí),UCLA曾發(fā)布新聞稿,稱科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種治療多發(fā)性骨髓瘤的“首創(chuàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)性療法”。新聞稿援引利希滕斯坦的話稱:“雖然這項(xiàng)研究還處于初步階段,但我們希望這項(xiàng)研究能為開發(fā)針對(duì)這種毀滅性疾病的新療法提供推動(dòng)力。”
然而,在偽造數(shù)據(jù)的證據(jù)面前,利希滕斯坦的這些表述已失去可信度。
重復(fù)使用的圖像涉及以下13篇已發(fā)表論文,其中3篇已被撤回:
“Cytotoxic properties of a DEPTOR-mTOR inhibitor in multiple myeloma cells,”Cancer Research, 2016 (20 citations, according to Clarivate’s Web of Science)
“DEPTOR is linked to a TORC1-p21 survival proliferation pathway in multiple myeloma,” Genes & Cancer, 2014 (not indexed in Web of Science)
“Interleukin-6 activates phosphoinositol-3 kinase in multiple myeloma tumor cells by signaling through RAS-dependent and, separately, through p85-dependent pathways,” Oncogene, 2004 (46 citations)
“MNK1-induced eIF-4E phosphorylation in myeloma cells: a pathway mediating IL-6-induced expansion and expression of genes involved in metabolic and proteotoxic responses,” PLoS One, 2014 (10 citations; none after the 2023 retraction)
“Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors activate the AKT kinase in multiple myeloma cells by up-regulating the insulin-like growth factor receptor/insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade,” Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2005 (287 citations)
“Inhibition of SAPK2/p38 enhances sensitivity to mTORC1 inhibition by blocking IRES-mediated translation initiation in glioblastoma,” Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2011 (18 citations)
“Specific blockade of Rictor-mTOR association inhibits mTORC2 activity and is cytotoxic in glioblastoma,” PLoS One, 2017 (63 citations; 54 after a 2019 correction, 8 after a 2023 retraction)
“MNK kinases facilitate c-myc IRES activity in rapamycin-treated multiple myeloma,” Oncogene, 2013 (21 citations; 2 after the 2023 expression of concern)
“The PP242 mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in multiple myeloma cells via a target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E)/RAF pathway and activation is a mechanism of resistance,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2012 (66 citations)
“Therapeutic potential of targeting IRES-dependent c-myc translation in multiple myeloma cells during ER stress,” Oncogene, 2016 (58 citations; three after the 2023 retraction)
“SGK kinase activity in multiple myeloma cells protects against ER stress apoptosis via a SEK-dependent mechanism,” Molecular Cancer Research, 2016 (10 citations)
“A novel therapeutic induces DEPTOR degradation in multiple myeloma cells with resulting tumor cytotoxicity,” Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2019 (7 citations)
“Downstream effectors of oncogenic ras in multiple myeloma cells,” Blood, 2003 (116 citations)
參考資料:
retractionwatch.com/2024
校對(duì):Leste Wang
審核:Joy Liao
已經(jīng)撤稿3篇!——腫瘤專家偽造數(shù)據(jù)被發(fā)現(xiàn) |